protesters in Alexandria

올 해 초 1월의 이집트 혁명을 기억하는가? 아 그 희열을 기억하는가. 사실상 이번 혁명 이전까지만해도 이집트에 대한 관심은 전혀 없었다. 하지만 그들의 움직임은 세계를 집중시켰고 한 나라의 정권을 그야말로 뒤집었다.
하지만 모든 이슈가 그러하듯 관심은 불같이 타오르고 쉽게 사그라든다. 나 또한 한동안 이집트의 모습을 찾지 않았다. 하지만 근래 다시 읽게되는 이집트의 기사들은 당시의 희열과 그들이 겪을 어려움에 대한 상당한 아쉬움을 일으킨다.


Hosni Mubarak 2009

2월 Hosni Mubarak 의 정권이 내려오고 정권은 Supreme Council of the Armed Forces 로 넘어갔다. 그렇게 나라는 6개월 후의 선거까지 military junta 에게 넘어갔다. 정권이 바뀐 후에도 시위는 계속된다.


2011 2 8 혁명자체와 시위들의 가장 중심적인 위치였던 Tahirir Square

카이로 Cairo 의 시위는 이 후 시민들의 자발적인 청소 "Friday of cleaning" 와 같은 선도적인 모습 또한 보여주었다.


wikipedia 에 상당히 유용한 테이블이 있다 -
시위의 요구와 그것의 수용 및 상황 Status

Demand Status Date
1. Resignation of President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak. Met. 11 February 2011
2. Canceling the State of Emergency (colloquially referred to as "The Emergency Law"). Announced.[201] TBA
3. Dismantling the State Security Investigations Service. Met.[202] 15 March 2011
4. Announcement by (Vice-President) Omar Suleiman that he will not run in the next presidential elections. Met.[203] 3 February 2011
5. Dissolving the Parliament. Met. 13 February 2011
6. Release of all prisoners taken since 25 January. Ongoing 20 February 2011
7. Ending of the recently imposed curfew. Met.[204] 15 June 2011
8. Removing the SSI-controlled university-police. Met. 3 March 2011
9. Investigation of officials responsible for violence against protesters. Ongoing 28 February 2011
10. Firing Minister of Information Anas el-Fiqqi and stopping government owned media propaganda. Met; minister fired, ministry canceled, propaganda still ongoing[citation needed] 12 February 2011
11. Reimbursing shop owners for losses during the curfew Announced. 7 February 2011
12. Announcing the demands above on government television and radio Met.[citation needed] 11–18 February 2011
13. Dissolving the NDP. Met. 16 April 2011
14. Arrest, Interrogation and Trial of (now-former) president Hosni Mubarak and his two sons: Gamal Mubarak and Alaa Mubarak. Met; All ordered to stand trial. 24 May 2011



이후 Mubarak 을 포함한 당시 정권의 인물들은 수 차례의 재판 등 법적 심문을 받는다. Mubarak 의 order 는
On 24 May, former Egyptian President Mubarak was ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protestors during the 2011 Egyptian revolution and, if convicted, could face the death penalty. The full list of charges released by the public prosecutor was "intentional murder, attempted killing of some demonstrators...misuse of influence and deliberately wasting public funds and unlawfully making private financial gains and profits."

오늘까지도 시위는 계속되고 있다. 수천, 수만 명의 시위인구가 꾸준히 Supreme Council of Armed Forces 의 혁명 후 조치의 느린 속도와 방향을 규탄하고있다. 더불어 military 군력이 이대로 이집트의 정권을 지속적으로 갖게되는 것에 대한 불안감이 크다.






개인적으로 중동에 대해 무지하다. 사실상 이집트는 하나의 prototype 이기도하고, 이집트 뿐 아닌, 상당 수의 나라와 정권들이 현재 시위와 혁명, 전화점 등 불안정한 위치에 있는 것이 사실이다. 그들의 안전과 안정을 바라며 - 그들의 용기와 에너지에 감탄을 보낸다.



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution

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엄마 지인분의 남편분이 돌아가시어 함께 장례미사를 다녀왔다. 가는 길에 엄마가 이런 절차도 언젠가 한 번 쯤은 보아야 하는 것이라며, 이런저런 이야기들을 여럿 하신다. 본인이 돌아가면 이와같이 미사를 드려달라며..... 괜한얘기도 하신다. 사실 필요한 얘기지만 듣고 싶지 않은 얘기. 아무튼 성당에 도착하니 주차장에 커다란 버스와 관을 모신 리무진이 있더라. 성당에 들어가니 관이 입구에 위치. 성당의 의자들에도 십자가와 일종의 깃 같은 것들이 자리잡고 있었다. 미사의 시작과 함께 관을 앞으로 옮기고 미사를 드렸다. 봉헌 시에 사람들이 국화를 관위에 올렸고 , 미사가 끝난 후 관은 신부님과 함께 성당에서 옮겨졌다. 전반적인 장례 미사에 대해 검색을 해보았다.

장례미사
죽은 이를 위하여 보치는 미사
제 2차 바티칸 공의회 이전에는 입당송의 첫 단어인 "requiem" 안식 - 이라 불리기도
제의는 검은색
종류는 장례미사 , 사망미사, 위령미사가 현재 남아있음
교회는 삶의 최대 비극이요 절망, 불안의 순간인 죽음 앞에서 장례미사를 통하여 죽음의 의미를 명확히 제시
"장례예식이 christian 죽음의 파스카적 성격을 보다 명백히 표시 할 것'
하느님과의 궁극적 만남을 통하여 우리 일생의 선하심과 사랑을 체험
살아 부족한 점을 위해 유가족이 용서를 구하는 기도를 올림
사망시부터 장례일까지 끊임없이 망자를 위한 기도 (연도)를 바침
망자를 위한 미사봉헌은 사망미사, 장례미사, 삼우三虞미사를 봉헌
사망미사는 입관전, 장례미사는 장례일, 삼우미사는 장례 후 3일 째에 봉헌
시체의 옆에는 몇의 촛불을 켜고, 빠스카 초를 머리 맡에 켠다

죽은 이를 위하여 올리는 기도:
"오소서, 하느님의 거룩한 이들이여, 주의 천사들이여.
그를 돌보사 지존하신 어전 앞으로 인도하소서"



빠스카의 초 Paschal candle
large white candle used in liturgy in Western Rites of Christianity (Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, etc.)
blessed and let every Easter
used throughout Paschal season (during Easter then throughout year on special occasions such as baptism, funerals)
flame of Paschal candle symbolize - Christ as light of the world, his presence in midst of his people
Pesach - Hebrew, means Passover
cross is always central symbal
Greek letters - alpha and omega: signify God is beinning and end
5 grains of incense - often red, embedded in candle: symbolize five wounds of Jesus (each hand, each foot, spear thrust onto his side)

Passover
Hebrew
Jewish holiday and festival
commemorates story of Exodus - ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt
begins on 15th day of month of Nisan (Jewish Calendar)
celebrated for seven - eight days
Bible tells God helped Children of Isreal escape slavery in Egypt by inflicting ten plagues upon Egyptians before Pharoah release his Israelite slaves




Plagues of Egypt - Ten Plagues
Plague of Blood
This is what the LORD says: By this you will know that I am the LORD: With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood. The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink; the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.
 
— Exodus 7:17–18
Plague of Frogs
This is what the great LORD says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will plague your whole country with frogs. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs will go up on you and your people and all your officials.
 
— Exodus 8:1–4
Plague of Lice
Plague of Flies
Plague of Pestilence
This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: "Let my people go, so that they may worship me." If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them back, the hand of the LORD will bring a terrible plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses and donkeys and camels and on your cattle and sheep and goats.
 
— Exodus 9:1–3
Plague of Boils
       Shkhin - skin disease
Plague of Hail
This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me, or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like me in all the earth. For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now. Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every man and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die. […] The LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the LORD rained hail on the land of Egypt; hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.
 
— Exodus 9:13–24
Plague of Locusts
This is what the Lord,the God of the Hebrews, says: 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me. If you refuse to let them go, I will bring locusts into your country tomorrow. They will cover the face of the ground so that it cannot be seen. They will devour what little you have left after the hail, including every tree that is growing in your fields. They will fill your houses and those of all your officials and all the Egyptians—something neither your fathers nor your forefathers have ever seen from the day they settled in this land till now.
 
— Exodus 10:3–6
Plague of Darkness
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that darkness will spread over Egypt—darkness that can be felt." So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and total darkness covered all Egypt for three days. No one could see anyone else or leave his place for three days.
 
— Exodus 10:21–23
Death of the Firstborn
This is what the Lord says: 'About midnight I will go throughout Egypt. Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the slave girl, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. There will be loud wailing throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again.'
 
— Exodus 11:4–6

정말 흥미로운 것은 자료를 wikipedia 에서 찾고 있는데 - 이 열가지 재앙에 대한 "자연적" 가설 Natural explanation 들이 있다는 것. 아니라고는 할 수 없지만, 이해가 되는 것들도 있고 재미있는 것들도 있고... 그 중 재미있는 하나.

  • (plague 9—darkness) There could be several causes for unusual darkness: a solar eclipse, a sandstorm, volcanic ash, or simply swarms of locusts large enough to block out the sun.
  • 매미가 해를 가렸다.......


    자료 wikipedia

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